Lesson 20. Countries, nationalities and languages in Uzbek, with audio

Mamlakatlar, millatlar va tillar translated from Uzbek means “Countries, nationalities and languages.” This is the topic of our lesson today.

Today we will learn how to say in Uzbek:

• countries and their capitals,
• nationalities and people’s origin,
• languages spoken in different countries.

The lesson includes exercises with pictures, tables, a crossword puzzle, as well as explanations on grammar and the use of the affixes -lik and -cha.

🔁 Reminder: in Lesson 8 we already got acquainted with the names of some countries and the affixes -dan and -da.

mamlakat — country (demokratik mamlakatlar — democratic countries, chet mamlakatlar — foreign states/foreign countries, abroad, chet el mamlakatlari — foreign states/overseas countries).
millat — nationality, nation (Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti — United Nations, mayda millat or milliy ozchilik — small nationality/ethnic minority).
til — language (oʻzbek tili — Uzbek language, ona tili — mother tongue).

Mamlakatlar — Countries in Uzbek

Exercise 1. Write and say the name of the country next to its capital in Uzbek.

Toshkent
Vashington
London
Abu Dabi
Parij
Berlin
Yangi Dehli
Seul
Qohira
Moskva
Ar-Riyod
Ankara
Kiyev
Pekin
Tokio

Millatlar – Nationalities

Exercise 2. Look at the pictures and underline the words denoting nationalities or adjectives indicating the country of origin.

Exercise 3. Write the names of the countries corresponding to each nationality or adjective.
1 Turkiya
2 __________________
3 __________________
4 __________________

Mamlakatlar, millatlar va tillar – Countries, nationalities and languages

Exercise 4. Listen and repeat the names of countries, nationalities, and languages. Cover the words, look at the pictures and name the countries, nationalities and languages in Uzbek.

WP DataTables

To refer to a people as a whole, you need to add the affix -lar: turk — Turk, turklar — Turks.

-lik indicates the place of origin of a person or thing, forming the corresponding noun, for example: toshkentlik — a Tashkenter.

At the same time, nationalities can function as both adjectives and nouns. Whether an affix appears in the defined word depends on which part of speech we mean. For example, “Turkish sweets” can be turk shirinliklar (colloquial form), but more often turk shirinliklari (possessive ending -i, i.e. “their,” Turkish). Or turkcha shirinliklar, since turkcha means not only “in Turkish (language)” but also the adjective “Turkish.”

As for languages, you can say it in two ways, for example “Japanese language” will be yaponcha or yapon tili.

Write the name of your nationality in Uzbek: _________. Practice saying it out loud several times.

What is the language in your country? Say and write it in Uzbek.

Exercise 5. Complete the crossword.

Gorizontal boʻyicha

Vertikal boʻyicha

Exercise 6. Complete the table by writing the nationalities.

WP DataTables

Exercise 7. Write the numbers of the pictures corresponding to the countries and nationalities. Cover the table, look at the pictures and name the country and nationality.

Exercise 8. Complete the sentences using the correct names of languages.
1 O‘zbekistonda odamlar ________, ____________ va _________ tillarida gapiradilar.
2 Misrda odamlar _________ tilida gapiradilar.
3 Xitoyda odamlar _______ tilida gapiradilar.
4 Ukrainada odamlar _______ tilida gapiradilar.

Let’s repeat the main points:

• The word mamlakat means country, millat means nation or nationality, til means language.
• To talk about a people, use the ending -lar: turk → turklar.
• The affix -lik indicates origin: toskentlik, turkiyalik.
• Language names can be expressed in two ways: o‘zbekcha or o‘zbek tili.

📌 Remember and practice: what is your nationality and the language of your country in Uzbek?

🧩 Go through all the exercises above — they will help you consolidate the topic in practice.

• Previous lesson: Lesson 19. Booking a table in Uzbek
• Next lesson: Lesson 21. Uzbek digraphs sh, ch and the letter l, with audio
• All lessons

Answers to exercises

Show answers

Exercise 1. Oʻzbekiston/ O’zbekiston Respublikasi
Amerika/ AQSh/ Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari
Angliya — Buyuk Britaniya/ Britaniya
Birlashgan Arab Amirliklari/ BAA
Fransiya
Germaniya/ Olmoniya
Hindiston
Janubiy Koreya/ Koreya
Misr
Rossiya
Saudiya Arabistoni
Turkiya
Ukraina
Xitoy
Yaponiya

Exercise 2. Turk, Xitoycha/ Xitoy, Amerikalik, Yapon

Exercise 3. 2 Xitoy 3 Amerika/ AQSh 4 Yaponiya

Exercise 5.

Exercises 6 и 7.

Mamlakat	Millat	Rasm raqami
Amerika/ AQSh	amerikalik	8
Angliya	ingliz	10
Birlashgan Arab Amirliklari/ BAA	BAAlik	6
Fransiya	fransuz	4
Germaniya/ Olmoniya	nemis/ olmon	11
Hindiston	hindi/ hind	9
Janubiy Koreya	koreys	12
Misr	misrlik/ misriy	1
Rossiya	rus	13
Saudiya Arabistoni	saudiy	14
Turkiya	turk	7
Ukraina	ukrain	2
Xitoy	xitoy/ xitoylik	3
Yaponiya	yapon	5
Oʻzbekiston	o’zbek	15

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Exercise 8. 1 o’zbek qoraqalpoq rus 2 arab 3 xitoy 4 ukrain

ℹ️ Explanation:

In the Uzbek language, the names of languages can be formed in two ways:

1.With the affix -cha:
For example, o‘zbekcha (in Uzbek), inglizcha (in English), arabcha (in Arabic).
This is a more colloquial and widespread form, especially in spoken language.

2. As a phrase with the noun “tili” (language):
For example, o‘zbek tili — Uzbek language, ingliz tili — English language.
This form is more often used in formal or written speech.

Both forms are correct. In this exercise, the structure with nouns is used: o‘zbek tili, ingliz tili, etc., but the word tili is often omitted since it can easily be inferred from the context.

✅ For example: “O‘zbekistonda odamlar o‘zbek, rus va qoraqalpoq tillarida gapiradilar” — is a completely grammatically correct sentence, where the words o‘zbek, rus and qoraqalpoq act as abbreviations of o‘zbek tili, rus tili, qoraqalpoq tili.